Fast reference
TL;DR
W and kW measure real power, kVA measures apparent power, kWh measures energy, and power factor connects kW to kVA using kW = kVA x PF.
Use for
Electrical Units
Best next step
Check the table, then calculate
Reviewed
2026-07-04
Guide
Overview
A practical guide to W, kW, kVA, kWh and power factor so users avoid invalid electrical conversions.
The table shows what each unit measures and what extra information is required for valid conversion.
- Use the chart for fast checks.
- Use the linked calculator for custom values.
- Keep the unit definition clear before rounding.
- Record the source when values enter technical work.
Reference table
Electrical unit meaning chart
The table shows what each unit measures and what extra information is required for valid conversion.
| Unit | Measures | Valid conversion note |
|---|---|---|
| W | real power | W = V x A for DC or resistive AC |
| kW | real power | 1000 W |
| kVA | apparent power | kW = kVA x power factor |
| kWh | energy | kWh = kW x hours |
| A | current | needs voltage for power |
Workflow
How to use this reference
Electrical conversion should start by identifying whether the question is about power, energy, current, voltage or apparent power.
Step 1
Use kWh only when time is included.
Step 2
Use kVA only when apparent power matters.
Step 3
Apply power factor before converting kVA to kW.
Step 4
Keep single-phase and three-phase formulas separate.
Quality check
Common mistakes to avoid
The article intentionally warns against invalid direct conversions.
FAQ
Common questions
Can kWh be converted to kVA?
Not directly. You need time and power factor or load context.
What is power factor?
Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power, often expressed as kW divided by kVA.
Is kVA larger than kW?
For AC loads with power factor below 1, kVA is numerically larger than kW.
Reference trail
Sources
Reference sources checked on 2026-07-04.